NESTING OF Mischocyttarus socialis (Saussure, 1854) (Vespidae: Polistinae) INSIDE THE ABANDONED NEST OF Tolmomyias sulphurescens (Spix, 1825) (Passeriformes: Rhynchocyclidae) IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL
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Interactions between birds and social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) include both harmonious and antagonistic relationships, involving predation, competition for nesting sites, and mutual benefits. This study documents an unusual association between Mischocyttarus socialis (Saussure, 1854) and Tolmomyias sulphurescens (Spix, 1825), recorded in December 2024 at Pico do Itambé State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil, a transition zone between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. A T. sulphurescens nest was found abandoned near a Polybia sp. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) colony and occupied by an active colony of M. socialis. Additionally, the nest housed two solitary wasp nests (Eumeninae) and Lepidoptera pupae. Mischocyttarus socialis may have used the abandoned nest as shelter against predators and climatic factors. The proximity of the T. sulphurescens nest to a Polybia sp. colony suggests a potential benefit for the bird, as the presence of wasps might deter potential predators. This work presents the first record of M. socialis nesting inside a T. sulphurescens nest and highlights the importance of future studies to understand the frequency and factors influencing such associations.
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